huraem
03-17-2006, 03:09 PM
Mohammad Ibn Zakaria-e Razi:
Mohammad Ibn Zakaria-e Razi, a philosopher and a grand physician of Islamic World, was born in the city of Ray (in Iran), on 865 A.D. Razi has written One Hundred and Eighty-Four books and articles, in several fields of science. Such as Medicine, Chemistry, Philosophy, Logic, Mathematics, Astronomy and Divinity. He became the most distinguished scientific figure of his period. His books and articles are named by Ibn Abi Asi`boed, ..up to Two-Hundred-and-Thirty-Five. This grand scientist of the 9th (A.D) century, has Fifty-Six writings on various subjects in medicine alone. And he is counted as one of the most famous critics of Galena's works, the founder of experimental medicine. His book of "Jaame ul-Kabir (The Large Comprehensive)", which is known as "Haawy (The Embody)", embodies the most important, and advanced chapters of his works. Indeed it is credited as a Medical Encyclopedia. According to Razi's own words, this book is the product of Fifteen years of effort, during night and day. The book of 'Haawy' was translated to Latin, in 1279 (A.D), by Faraj Ibn Salem (Farragot), on the request of King Charle Enjo of Sisily, under the name of "Continens". The first publication of 'Haawy' in Latin was made in 1486 (A.D), in the city of Brescia, and then was re-published on, 1505, 1506, 1509, 1542 (A.D), in Venice. 'Haawy' was one of the nine books that formed the Medical department's library of the University of Paris, in 1395 (A.D). The ninth book of 'Haawy', which is specifically on discussion about 'The Knowledge of Various Medicines', is one of the resources of pharmacology, in Europe, ..even for a long time, after the scientific renewal period (Renaissance). His writings on Mathematics and Astronomy are also innovative, and they stand out. His composition in regards of The Earth's sphericity, and The Earth's rotation about its axis, and also in regards to Astronomical science, in the period, when the Ptolemaic theory was dominant, is another distinguished treatise of Razi at source.
In Philosophy, on consideration of Ancient Philosophy, he has expressions and criticism on the views of the apologists, specifically a critic of 'Mo`tadhelah (Schismatics)' point of view. Furthermore, he has considerations and criticism on Greek philosophers, Aristotle and Plato. And finally, he has expressed innovative and projecting views, on Divinity and Metaphysics. In these short words, the insight and the theoretical views of Razi can not be emphasized in depth. In termination, the attending subject, is the exposition of the 'Gigantic Minds' of Muslim scientists, in the arena of knowledge and science, …that have been totally ostracised in the west. Not only is there no mention of Muslims as 'sagas', but also consistently, Muslims are portrayed with poverty, inability, backwardness, race discrimination, controversial with human rights and rights of women. On all these accounts, they pass judgement in oppression. This aggressive state towards Muslims, …has of course, a particular psychology, which indeed is a kind of hallucinated justification of the defeat made by the opponent, on 'the perceived thought'. In other words, when the opponent appears to be strong in the universe of 'contemplation', and they do not find a logical perception, they engage in conspiring, and labeling, in order to compensate this hallucinated "Phobia" (Mohaghegh, 1989).
Mohammad Ibn Zakaria-e Razi, a philosopher and a grand physician of Islamic World, was born in the city of Ray (in Iran), on 865 A.D. Razi has written One Hundred and Eighty-Four books and articles, in several fields of science. Such as Medicine, Chemistry, Philosophy, Logic, Mathematics, Astronomy and Divinity. He became the most distinguished scientific figure of his period. His books and articles are named by Ibn Abi Asi`boed, ..up to Two-Hundred-and-Thirty-Five. This grand scientist of the 9th (A.D) century, has Fifty-Six writings on various subjects in medicine alone. And he is counted as one of the most famous critics of Galena's works, the founder of experimental medicine. His book of "Jaame ul-Kabir (The Large Comprehensive)", which is known as "Haawy (The Embody)", embodies the most important, and advanced chapters of his works. Indeed it is credited as a Medical Encyclopedia. According to Razi's own words, this book is the product of Fifteen years of effort, during night and day. The book of 'Haawy' was translated to Latin, in 1279 (A.D), by Faraj Ibn Salem (Farragot), on the request of King Charle Enjo of Sisily, under the name of "Continens". The first publication of 'Haawy' in Latin was made in 1486 (A.D), in the city of Brescia, and then was re-published on, 1505, 1506, 1509, 1542 (A.D), in Venice. 'Haawy' was one of the nine books that formed the Medical department's library of the University of Paris, in 1395 (A.D). The ninth book of 'Haawy', which is specifically on discussion about 'The Knowledge of Various Medicines', is one of the resources of pharmacology, in Europe, ..even for a long time, after the scientific renewal period (Renaissance). His writings on Mathematics and Astronomy are also innovative, and they stand out. His composition in regards of The Earth's sphericity, and The Earth's rotation about its axis, and also in regards to Astronomical science, in the period, when the Ptolemaic theory was dominant, is another distinguished treatise of Razi at source.
In Philosophy, on consideration of Ancient Philosophy, he has expressions and criticism on the views of the apologists, specifically a critic of 'Mo`tadhelah (Schismatics)' point of view. Furthermore, he has considerations and criticism on Greek philosophers, Aristotle and Plato. And finally, he has expressed innovative and projecting views, on Divinity and Metaphysics. In these short words, the insight and the theoretical views of Razi can not be emphasized in depth. In termination, the attending subject, is the exposition of the 'Gigantic Minds' of Muslim scientists, in the arena of knowledge and science, …that have been totally ostracised in the west. Not only is there no mention of Muslims as 'sagas', but also consistently, Muslims are portrayed with poverty, inability, backwardness, race discrimination, controversial with human rights and rights of women. On all these accounts, they pass judgement in oppression. This aggressive state towards Muslims, …has of course, a particular psychology, which indeed is a kind of hallucinated justification of the defeat made by the opponent, on 'the perceived thought'. In other words, when the opponent appears to be strong in the universe of 'contemplation', and they do not find a logical perception, they engage in conspiring, and labeling, in order to compensate this hallucinated "Phobia" (Mohaghegh, 1989).